IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON WITCHCRAFT BELIEFS AND HUMAN IDENTITY IN IGBOLAND

Abstract

This paper explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on witchcraft beliefs and human identity in Igboland, southeastern Nigeria. Witchcraft, known locally as Amosu, has long been a core component of Igbo spirituality and social structure, traditionally serving as an explanation for misfortunes and a mechanism for maintaining social order. However, the rapid development and integration of AI technologies — defined as machines capable of performing tasks requiring human intelligence — present new challenges and opportunities for these beliefs. Using a qualitative research approach, participant observation, and content analysis to examine how AI intersects with traditional spiritual practices and societal roles. The findings reveal that AI is perceived by some as a new form of “spiritual power” akin to mystical forces, while others see it as a scientific challenge to witchcraft beliefs. Additionally, the study highlights shifts in the attribution of misfortunes, erosion and adaptation of traditional beliefs, and the implications of AI on human identity and agency. Despite concerns about technological determinism, many respondents emphasized the resilience of Igbo cultural identity and the potential for integrating AI into indigenous knowledge systems. This evolving dynamic between modern technology and traditional frameworks underscores the need for a culturally sensitive understanding of AI’s impact on belief systems and human identity in Igbo society