A Critical Discourse Analysis of Social Inequalities and Material Consequences of Discourse in our Contemporary Society

Abstract

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary research field that critically examines how discourses perpetuate social inequalities and material consequences of discourse. It is composed of multiple yet distinct theoretical and methodological approaches used for critically describing, interpreting, and explaining the ways in which discourses construct, maintain, and legitimize social inequalities. The study critically analyses the basic approaches or techniques and the relationship between techniques and critical discourse. Each approach has its own particular agenda, yet despite this diversity, CDA scholars commonly view language as a form of social practice, and are concerned with systematically investigating hidden power relations and ideologies embedded in discourse. They are likewise dedicated to examining the social and material consequences of discourse. According to T. S. Elliot, “Criticism is as inevitable as breathing.” Semiology is the theoretical approach used for the study. The study attempts to clarify what it means to say that one is doing critical discourse analysis and sheds light on the principles underlying the concept. It also examined the characteristics of CDA and its main aim which is to look beyond the literal meaning of language and explore the links between language use and social practice. The methods and techniques that CDA draws on, as well as the focal approaches to it as have been put forth by many prominent scholars are also analyzed. The study discovers that critical discourse is conditioned by the methods and techniques associated with literature. These methods and techniques of critical discourse provide valuable tools for the study of written texts, with objectivity and precision. The paper concludes with James Reeves idea and assertion that, “We shall enjoy literature (spoken or written) more if we enjoy it critically”