THE VOLATILE NATURE OF SECURITISATION THEORIES: LESSONS FROM OGONI CRISIS OF 1995 AND RUSSIA'S INVASION OF UKRAINE IN 2022

Abstract

Following the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the theories of securitisation are once again in need of reconsideration of the most appropriate theory for assessing the issues and crises related to security. In order to situate the discourse within the proper context for thematic discourse, Steven Smith's position that traditional views of securitisation are no longer relevant will be taken as paradigm. Smith argues that following the 9/11 attack over the World Trade Centre, traditional securitisation theories are not relevant since other factors beyond the state motivate conflicts. Through the method philosophical analysis, this study argues that Smith's position that traditional approach to securitisation has been found to be misleading following the RussiaUkraine crises where states and military might are the referent frame. Upon further exploration however, this study takes the position that all theories of securitisation are useful for the comprehension of the factors and conditions that initiate and make conflicts to thrive. What motivates the correct theory will depend on the particular context, as there is no one theory that fits for all circumstances.As way of reinforcing the validity of this thesis, this study uses the Ogoni Crises of 1995 aside the RussoUkraine conflict as paradigms.